Threatened and Endangered Species

Threatened and Endangered Species

Threatened and Endangered Species of the Tennessee River Basin and Southern Appalachian Mountains

This table includes only those species listed as endangered or threatened or proposed for one of these statuses by the federal government. (A species is listed as endangered if it is likely to become extinct throughout all or a major portion of its range, and as threatened if it is likely to become endangered in the near future.) State governments and conservation agencies list many additional species, and many more are in fact in decline, threatened, endangered, or already extinct. Many groups of organisms (lichens, mosses, or arthropods, for example) are underrepresented in this list, simply because few people know or care about them. This table is compiled from several sources; though nearly all the species listed here inhabit (or used to inhabit) our bioregion, a few may occur only in the Tennessee River Basin to the west.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Status	Habitat
MAMMALS
Red wolf	Canis rufus	Endangered	Forests, Fields
Eastern cougar	Felis concolor cougar	Endangered	Mountains, wide-ranging
Carolina Northern flying squirrel	Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus	Endangered	Spruce-fir/hardwood ecotone
Virginia Northern flying squirrel	Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus	Endangered	Wide-ranging
Virginia big-eared bat	Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus	Endangered	Caves
Gray bat	Myotis grisescens	Endangered	Caves, rivers, lakes
Indiana bat	Myotis sodalis	Endangered	Caves, riparian areas
BIRDS
American peregrine falcon	Falco peregrinis anatum	Endangered	Cliffs, large rivers, reservoirs
Bald Eagle	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	Threatened	Lakes, large rivers, wooded shores
Red-cockaded woodpecker	Picoides borealis	Endangered	Mature old-growth pine forests
AMPHIBIANS
Cheat Mountain Salamander	Plethodon nettingi	Threatened	High-elevation spruce-fir forest
Shenandoah Salamander	Plethodon shenandoah	Endangered	Rock outcrops and cliffs
FISHES
Pygmy sculpin	Cottus pygmaeus	Threatened	Cool streams
Blue shiner	Cyprinella caerulea	Threatened	Clear, cool pools
Spotfin chub	Cyprinella monacha	Threatened	Small rivers, large creeks
Slender chub	Erimystax cahni	Threatened	Small rivers
Slackwater darter	Etheostoma boschungi	Threatened	Small creeks, springs
Duskytail darter	Etheostoma (Catonotus) sp.	Endangered	Small rivers, large creeks
Cherokee Darter	Etheostoma scotti	Threatened
Boulder darter	Etheostoma wapiti	Endangered	Small rivers, large creeks
Palezone shiner	Notropis albizonatus	Endangered	Small rivers, large creeks
Smoky madtom	Noturus baileyi	Endangered	Large creeks
Yellowfin madtom	Noturus flavipinnis	Threatened	Small rivers, large creeks
Pygmy madtom	Noturus stanauli	Endangered	Small rivers
Amber darter	Percina antesella	Endangered	Rivers
Goldline darter	Percina aurolineata	Threatened
Conasauga logperch	Percina jenkinsi	Endangered	Deep gravel runs, pools
Snail darter	Percina tanasi	Threatened	Large rivers, small rivers
Blackside dace	Phoxinus cumberlandensis	Threatened	Small upland streams
Alabama cavefish	Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni	Endangered	Cave streams
MUSSELS AND CLAMS
Appalachian elktoe	Alasmidonta raveneliana	Endangered	Small rivers, creeks
Birdwing pearlymussel	Conradilla caelata	Endangered	Small rivers
Fanshell	Cyprogenia stegaria	Endangered	Rivers
Dromedary pearlymussel	Dromus dromas	Endangered	Rivers
Cumberland combshell	Epioblasma brevidens	Proposed endangered	Small rivers
Oyster mussel	Epioblasma capsaeformis	Proposed endangered	Small rivers
Yellow blossom pearlymussel	Epioblasma florentina florentina	Endangered	Large rivers
Green blossom pearlymussel	Epioblasma torulosa	Endangered	Small rivers
Tuberculed blossom pearlymussel	Epioblasma torulosa torulosa	Extirpated	Large rivers
Turgid blossom pearlymussel	Epioblasma turgidula	Endangered	Creeks
Tan riffleshell	Epioblasma walkeri	Endangered	Small rivers, creeks
Shiny pigtoe pearlymussel	Fusconaia cor	Endangered	Small rivers, creeks
Fine-rayed pigtoe	Fusconaia cuneolus	Endangered	Small rivers, creeks
Cracking pearlymussel	Hemistena lata	Endangered	Rivers, large creeks
Pink mucket	Lampsillis abrupta	Endangered	Rivers
Alabama lampmussel	Lampsillis virescens	Endangered	Creeks
Ring pink	Obovaria retusa	Endangered	Rivers
Little-wing pearlymussel	Pegias fabula	Endangered	Creeks
White wartyback	Plethoblasus cicatricosus	Endangered	Large rivers
Orange-foot pimpleback	Plethoblasus cooperianus	Endangered	Large rivers
Clubshell	Pleurobema clava	Endangered	Rivers, large creeks
James spineymussel	Pleurobema collina	Endangered
Rough Pigtoe	Pleurobema plenum	Endangered	Rivers
Rough rabbitsfoot	Quadrula cylindrica strigillata	Proposed endangered	Small rivers
Winged mapleleaf	Quadrula fragosa	Extirpated	Small rivers
Cumberland monkeyface	Quadrula intermedia	Endangered	Small rivers
Appalachian monkeyface	Quadrula sparsa	Endangered	Small rivers
Pale lilliput	Toxoplasma cylindrellus	Endangered	Creeks
Purple bean	Villosa perpurpurea	Endangered	Small rivers, creeks
Cumberland bean	Villosa trabalis	Endangered	Small rivers, creeks
SNAILS
Painted snake coiled forest	Anguispira picta	Threatened	Forested bluffs
Anthony’s river snail	Athearnia anthonyi	Endangered
Royal marstonia	Marstonia ogmorhaphe	Endangered	Spring runs
Noonday globe	Mesodon clarki nantahala	Threatened	Cliffs
Virginia fringed mountain snail	Polygyriscus virginicus	Endangered	Alkaline or mafic habitats
Royal snail	Pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe	Endangered
Turtuloma livebearing snail	Turtuloma magnifica	Endangered
ARTHROPODS
Madison cave isopod	Antrolana lira	Threatened	Caves
Spruce-fir moss spider	Microhexura montivaga	Proposed endangered	Spruce-fir forests
Alabama cave shrimp	Palaemonius alabamae	Endangered	Caves
Lee county cave isopod	Lirceus usdagalun	Endangered	Caves
FLOWERING PLANTS
Pool sprite	Amphianthus pussilus	Threatened	Rock outcrops, cliffs
Price potato-bean	Apios priceana	Threatened	Hardwood forests, forest edges
Shale barren rock cress	Arabis serotina	Endangered	Rock outcrops, cliffs
Cumberland sandwort	Arenaria cumberlandensis	Endangered	Rock outcrops, cliffs
Virginia roundleaf birch	Betula uber	Threatened	Creek terraces
Small anthered bittercress	Cardamine micranthera	Endangered	Seeps, springs, streamsides
Morefield’s leather flower	Clematis morfieldii	Endangered	Hardwood forests
Alabama leather flower	Clematis socialis	Endangered	Seeps, springs, streamsides
Cumberland rosemary	Conradina verticillata	Threatened	Riverine gravel bars
Smooth coneflower	Echinacea laevigata	Endangered	Alkaline or mafic habitats
Glade spurge	Euphorbia purpurea	Threatened	Rich or swampy woods
Spreading avens	Geum radiatum	Endangered	High-elevation acidic rock outcrops
Roan mountain bluet	Hedyotis purpurea var. montana	Endangered	High-elevation acidic rock outcrops
Eggert sunflower	Helianthus eggertii	Proposed threatened	Hardwood forests
Swamp pink	Helonias bullata	Threatened	Bogs, meadows, edges of meandering streams
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf	Hexastylis naniflora	Threatened	Mixed mesic habitats
Mountain golden heather	Hudsonia montana	Threatened	Rock outcrops, cliffs
Peter’s mountain mallow	Iliamna corei	Endangered	Rock outcrops, cliffs
Small whirled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	Threatened	Hardwood forests
Heller’s blazing star	Liatris Helleri	Threatened	High-elevation balds
Morh’s Barbara buttons	Marshallia mohrii	Threatened	Marshes, wet meadows
Ruth golden aster	Pityopsis ruthii	Endangered	Boulders in rivers
Eastern prarie fringed orchid	Plantanthera leucophaea	Threatened	Fen or pond wetlands
Harperella	Ptilimnium nodosum	Endangered	Gravel bars, rocks in rivers
Bunched Arrowhead	Saggitaria fasciculata	Endangered	Non-forested seepage areas
Kral’s water-plantain	Saggitaria secundifolia	Threatened	Gravel bars, rocks in rivers
Green pitcher plant	Sarracenia oerophila	Endangered	Bogs, wet meadows, moist woodlands
Mountain sweet pitcher plant	Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii	Endangered	Mountain bogs and streamsides
Northeastern (barbed) bullrush	Scripus ancistrochaetus	Endangered	Fen or pond wetlands
Mountain (large-flowered) skullcap	Scutellaria montana	Endangered	Hardwood, mixed forests
White irisette	Sisyrinchium dichotomum	Endangered	Alkaline or mafic habitats
Blue ridge goldenrod	Solidago Spithamaea	Threatened	Acidic, sandy balds
Virginia spiraea	Spiraea virginiana	Threatened	Habitat generalist
Persistent trillium	Trillium persistens	Endangered	Mixed mesic habitats
Tennessee yellow-eyed grass	Xyris tennesseensis	Endangered	Forested seeps
FERNS
American harts-tongue	Phyllitis scolopendrium var. americanum	Threatened	Cave, sinkhole mouths
LICHENS
Rock gnome lichen	Gymnoderma lineare	Proposed endangered	High-elevation cliffs

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Species or Subspecies That Still Inhabited The Upper Tennessee Valley in 1800 but Are Now Extinct

(This list includes only animals known to be extinct, not extirpated species, such as the grey wolf or eastern cougar, which still exist elsewhere, or species merely listed as endangered that may in fact already be extinct.)

Eastern (woodland) bison

Eastern Elk

Passenger Pigeon

Cariolina Parakeet

Bachman’s Warbler

Harelip (rabbit-mouth) sucker